pair_style born/coul/wolf/cs/gpu command

Syntax

pair_style style args

• style = born/coul/long/cs or buck/coul/long/cs or born/coul/dsf/cs or born/coul/wolf/cs
• args = list of arguments for a particular style
born/coul/long/cs args = cutoff (cutoff2)
cutoff = global cutoff for non-Coulombic (and Coulombic if only 1 arg) (distance units)
cutoff2 = global cutoff for Coulombic (optional) (distance units)
buck/coul/long/cs args = cutoff (cutoff2)
cutoff = global cutoff for Buckingham (and Coulombic if only 1 arg) (distance units)
cutoff2 = global cutoff for Coulombic (optional) (distance units)
born/coul/dsf/cs args = alpha cutoff (cutoff2)
alpha = damping parameter (inverse distance units)
cutoff = global cutoff for non-Coulombic (and Coulombic if only 1 arg) (distance units)
cutoff2 = global cutoff for Coulombic (distance units)

born/coul/wolf/cs args = alpha cutoff (cutoff2)
alpha = damping parameter (inverse distance units) cutoff = global cutoff for Buckingham (and Coulombic if only 1 arg) (distance units) cutoff2 = global cutoff for Coulombic (optional) (distance units)

Examples

pair_style born/coul/long/cs 10.0 8.0
pair_coeff 1 1 6.08 0.317 2.340 24.18 11.51

pair_style buck/coul/long/cs 10.0
pair_style buck/coul/long/cs 10.0 8.0
pair_coeff * * 100.0 1.5 200.0
pair_coeff 1 1 100.0 1.5 200.0 9.0

pair_style born/coul/dsf/cs 0.1 10.0 12.0
pair_coeff * *   0.0 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
pair_coeff 1 1 480.0 0.25 0.00 1.05 0.50

pair_style born/coul/wolf/cs 0.25 10.0 12.0
pair_coeff * *   0.0 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
pair_coeff 1 1 480.0 0.25 0.00 1.05 0.50


Description

These pair styles are designed to be used with the adiabatic core/shell model of (Mitchell and Finchham). See the Howto coreshell doc page for an overview of the model as implemented in LAMMPS.

The styles with a coul/long term are identical to the pair_style born/coul/long and pair_style buck/coul/long styles, except they correctly treat the special case where the distance between two charged core and shell atoms in the same core/shell pair approach r = 0.0. This needs special treatment when a long-range solver for Coulombic interactions is also used, i.e. via the kspace_style command.

More specifically, the short-range Coulomb interaction between a core and its shell should be turned off using the special_bonds command by setting the 1-2 weight to 0.0, which works because the core and shell atoms are bonded to each other. This induces a long-range correction approximation which fails at small distances (~< 10e-8). Therefore, the Coulomb term which is used to calculate the correction factor is extended by a minimal distance (r_min = 1.0-6) when the interaction between a core/shell pair is treated, as follows

where C is an energy-conversion constant, Qi and Qj are the charges on the core and shell, epsilon is the dielectric constant and r_min is the minimal distance.

The pair style born/coul/dsf/cs is identical to the pair_style born/coul/dsf style, which uses the damped shifted force model as in coul/dsf to compute the Coulomb contribution. This approach does not require a long-range solver, thus the only correction is the addition of a minimal distance to avoid the possible r = 0.0 case for a core/shell pair.

The pair style born/coul/wolf/cs is identical to the pair_style born/coul/wolf style, which uses the Wolf summation as in coul/wolf to compute the Coulomb contribution. This approach does not require a long-range solver, thus the only correction is the addition of a minimal distance to avoid the possible r = 0.0 case for a core/shell pair.

Styles with a gpu, intel, kk, omp, or opt suffix are functionally the same as the corresponding style without the suffix. They have been optimized to run faster, depending on your available hardware, as discussed on the Speed packages doc page. The accelerated styles take the same arguments and should produce the same results, except for round-off and precision issues.

These accelerated styles are part of the GPU, USER-INTEL, KOKKOS, USER-OMP and OPT packages, respectively. They are only enabled if LAMMPS was built with those packages. See the Build package doc page for more info.

You can specify the accelerated styles explicitly in your input script by including their suffix, or you can use the -suffix command-line switch when you invoke LAMMPS, or you can use the suffix command in your input script.

See the Speed packages doc page for more instructions on how to use the accelerated styles effectively.

Mixing, shift, table, tail correction, restart, rRESPA info:

See the corresponding doc pages for pair styles without the “cs” suffix to see how mixing, shifting, tabulation, tail correction, restarting, and rRESPA are handled by theses pair styles.

Restrictions

These pair styles are part of the CORESHELL package. They are only enabled if LAMMPS was built with that package. See the Build package doc page for more info.